Egypt :  Facts

Economy - overview:
Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel Nasser but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar el-Sadat and Mohamed Hosni Mubarak. Cairo from 2004 to 2008 aggressively pursued economic reforms to attract foreign investment and facilitate GDP growth. The global financial crisis slowed the reform efforts. The budget deficit climbed to over 8% of GDP and Egypt’s GDP growth slowed to 4.6% in 2009, predominately due to reduced growth in export-oriented sectors, including manufacturing and tourism, and Suez Canal revenues. In 2010, the government spent more on infrastructure and public projects, and exports drove GDP growth to more than 5%, but GDP growth in 2011 is unlikely to bounce back to pre-global financial recession levels, when it stood at 7%. Despite the relatively high levels of economic growth over the past few years, living conditions for the average Egyptian remain poor.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$500.9 billion (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 27
$475.7 billion (2009 est.)
$454.8 billion (2008 est.)
Note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP (official exchange rate):
$216.8 billion (2010 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:
5.3% (2010 est.)

Country comparison to the world: 55
4.6% (2009 est.)
7.2% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$6,200 (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 136
$6,000 (2009 est.)
$5,900 (2008 est.)
Note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector:
Agriculture: 13.5%
Industry: 37.9%
Services: 48.6% (2010 est.)

Labour force:
26.1 million (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 21

Labour force - by occupation:
Agriculture: 32%
Industry: 17%
Services: 51% (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate:
9.7% (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 107
9.4% (2009 est.)

Population below poverty line:
20% (2005 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Lowest 10%: 3.9%
Highest 10%: 27.6% (2005)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
34.4 (2001)
Country comparison to the world: 90

Investment (gross fixed):
18.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 108

Budget:
Revenues: $46.82 billion
Expenditures: $64.19 billion (2010 est.)

Public debt:
80.5% of GDP (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 16
80.9% of GDP (2009 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
12.8% (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 208
11.9% (2009 est.)

Central bank discount rate:
8.5% (31 December 2009)
Country comparison to the world: 34
11.5% (31 December 2008)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
11.98% (31 December 2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 65
12.33% (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of narrow money:
$37.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 49
$33.42 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of broad money:
$166.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 42
$146.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of domestic credit:
$145.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 42
$131.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$89.95 billion (31 December 2009)
Country comparison to the world: 43
$85.89 billion (31 December 2008)
$139.3 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products:
Cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats

Industries:
Textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures

Industrial production growth rate:
5.5% (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 66

Electricity - production:
118.4 billion KwH (2007 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 28

Electricity - consumption:
104.1 billion KwH (2007 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 29

Electricity - exports:
814 million KwH (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:
251 million KwH (2007 est.)

Oil - production:
680,500 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 29

Oil - consumption:
683,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 25

Oil - exports:
89,300 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 68

Oil - imports:
48,450 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 85
Oil - proved reserves:
4.3 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 27

Natural gas - production:
62.7 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 14

Natural gas - consumption:
42.5 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 21

Natural gas - exports:
8.55 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 22

Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2009 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 179

Natural gas - proved reserves:
1.656 trillion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 22

Current account balance:
$270 million (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 54
$-3.195 billion (2009 est.)

Exports:
$25.34 billion (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 64
$23.09 billion (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities:
Crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food

Exports - partners:
Us 7.95%, Italy 7.26%, Spain 6.78%, India 6.69%, Saudi Arabia 5.53%, Syria 5.3%, France 4.39%, South Korea 4.27% (2009)

Imports:
$46.52 billion (2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 49
$45.56 billion (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities:
Machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

Imports - partners:
Us 9.92%, china 9.63%, Germany 6.98%, Italy 6.88%, turkey 4.94% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$35.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 34
$33.93 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external:
$30.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 64
$29.66 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$72.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 48
$66.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$4.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 59
$4.272 billion (31 December 2009 est.)